Boeing 777 Pilot Operations Handbook

For use with X-Plane Flight Simulator only.

General Information: Boeing 777-200 / -200IGW / -300
IGW is Increased Gross Weight                        
                    777-200   777-200IGW    777-300
Length	     209'1"     209'1"       242'4"		
Wing Span	  199'11"    199'11"      199'11" 	
Height	      60'9"      60'9"        60'9"

Weights lbs: 777-200    777-200IGW  777-300
Empty		      302,900    317,600     347,900
Fuel         208,630    304,340     304,340		   
Payload	     120,450    120,500     142,000
MTOW 	from   506,000    580,000     580,000  Max Take-off Weight
      to     545,098    648,000     660,000                   
MLW		        445,079    460,095     524,095  Max Landing Weight
MZFW         420,000    430,000     495,000  Max Zero Fuel Weight

Engines: 777-200 / -200IGW
2 * 377kN General Electric GE90-85B Turbofans (84,825 lb) Thrust
2 * 373kN Pratt & Whitney PW4084 Turbofans (84,000 lb)
2 * 384kN Rolls-Royce RR Trent 884 Turbofans (86,400 lb)
2 * 400kN Rolls-Royce RR Trent 892 Turbofans (90,000 lb) for 777-200IGW
777-300 
2 * 423kN General Electric GE90-95B Turbofans (95,175 lb) Thrust
2 * 436kN Pratt & Whitney PW4098 Turbofans (98,100 lb) thrust
2 * 423kN Rolls-Royce RR Trent 895 Turbofans (95,175 lb) thrust

Operating Performance: 777-200 / -200IGW / -300

Vno/Mno 330/0.84 KIAS Normal Operating Speed
Vmo/Mmo	350/0.85      Max. Operating Speed
Vne/Mne 511/0.87      Never Exceed Speed
Vat	Landing Speed @ Runway Threshold @ MLW full flap/Gear down

               * DO NOT Exceed 250 KIAS @ or Below 10,000ft Altitude.*

Take-off speed - See Table :
V1 is the go or no-go decision speed
VR is the rotation speed ie lift-off speed
V2 is the safe climb-out speed

ILS & Approach Speed -See Vref Speed Table :

Vat = 1.30 Vso (Vso is  stall speed @ full flap/gear down) 
For Approach Speeds Vapr add wind factor of 1/2 headwind component+gust (max 20 kts) 

Vref is the reference Landing speed @ a certain Flap/Weight settings
i.e. Vref30 is the Landing speed with flap 30 (Indicated Air Speed IAS)

Aircraft Weight		Flaps/KIAS  	Take-off @ Flaps 15			  Flap Maneuver Speed					
kg	      lbs.	  Vref30 25 20	  V1	 Vr	 V2	         0	 1 	5	 15	20	25
300,000	 661,500	  166	174	180	   157	162	168	       246	226	206	186	186	174
290,000	 639,450	  164	171	177	   153	159	165	       244	224	204	184	184	171
280,000	 617,400	  161	168	174	   150	156	163	       241	221	201	181	181	168
270,000	 595,350	  157	165	171	   147	153	160	       237	217	197	177	177	165
260,000	 573,300	  154	162	168	   144	150	157	       234	214	194	174	174	162
250,000	 551,250	  151	159	164	   140	146	154	       231	211	191	171	171	159
240,000	 529,200	  148	156	161	   137	143	152	       228	208	188	168	168	156
230,000	 507,150	  145	152	158	   133	139	149	       225	205	185	165	165	152
220,000	 485,100	  142	149	154	   129	136	146	       222	202	182	162	162	149
210,000	 463,050	  139	145	150	   125	132	143	       219	199	179	159	159	145
200,000	 441,000	  135	142	147	   121	128	140	       215	195	175	155	155	142
190,000	 418,950	  132	138	143	   116	125	136	       212	192	172	152	152	138
180,000	 396,900	  128	134	139	   111	121	133	       208	188	168	148	148	134
170,000	 374,850	  124	131	135	   106	117	130	       204	184	164	144	144	131
160,000	 352,800	  121	127	131	   101	112	126	       201	181	161	141	141	127
150,000	 330,750	  117	123	127	    96	108	123	       197	177	157	137	137	123
140,000	 308,700	  113	118	123	    92	104	119	       193	173	153	133	133	118


Flap Maneuver Speed		          Speeds Below Normal Cruise above FL240				
Flap	     Speed KIAS	        Alt from	   to	    Speed		
Flaps 0	  Vref30+80	             FL240	  FL299	 250 KIAS		
Flaps 1	  Vref30+60	             FL300	  FL350	 280 KIAS		
Flaps 5	  Vref30+40	             FL350	  Above	 0.82 M		
Flaps 15	 Vref30+20					
Flaps 20	 Vref30+20					
Flaps 25	 Vref25					
Flaps 30	 Vref30

Flap Extension Speed Vfe

Flap    Vfe KIAS
1        255      
5        235      Take-off
15       215      Take-off
20       195      Take-off/Approach
25       185      Landing
30       170      Landing

Stall Speeds KIAS:

KG	      Lbs.	    Clean	 Landing Vref30
140,000	 308,700	  128	    91
160,000	 352,800	  139	    97
180,000	 396,900	  147	   103
200,000	 441,000	  155	   108
220,000	 485,100	  163	   114
240,000	 529,200	  171	   119
260,000	 573,300	  178	   123
280,000	 617,400	  186	   129
300,000	 661,500	  194	   134
                      


Cruise Level- Long Range	
		
KG	      Lbs.	   Alt From	  To	     Mach #
300,000	 661,500	 30,500	 33,700	 0.80 - 0.84
280,000	 617,400	 32,000	 35,500	 0.80 - 0.84
260,000	 573,300	 33,600	 37,000	 0.80 - 0.84
240,000	 529,200	 35,300	 38,700	 0.80 - 0.84
220,000	 485,100	 37,000	 40,400	 0.80 - 0.84
200,000	 441,000	 39,100	 42,200	 0.80 - 0.84
180,000	 396,900	 41,300	 43,100	 0.80 - 0.84
160,000	 352,800	 43,100	 43,100	 0.80 - 0.84

Max Altitude : 43,000'
Ceiling @ MTOW 36,800' , ETOPS Ceiling: 15,900' (One Engine Out)



                    * Do Not Exceed Max Cruise Speed *

When flying long routes (over 5hrs) with MTOW, climb to FL300 & hold Alt with cruise speed 0.80 - 0.81 Mach , then fly that level for 30-45 min. then climb to FL310 - 320 @500 fpm and so on until you reach FL350 @ 0.80 - 0.83 Mach
Try not exceed 91% N1 during cruise in order to have available thrust for emergencies & be more efficient with fuel burn. The reason I mentioned the above procedure with X-Plane is to avoid too much nose pitch up attitude which put the aircraft wing @ higher angle of attack causing speed bleed leading to a clean stall if you are not careful. 
The time taken between cruise climb is important because the aircraft will burn fuel (losing weight), your speed will gradually increase @ the same N1 setting , your aircraft pitch up will decrease helping you for the next cruise climb. Rate of climb at these alts should be between 300-800 fpm in order not to lose speed rapidly. The more you climb to FL350 the more the air density is less the better the engine fuel consumption (more range)& the less is thrust.
I usually output data for N1 on the screen & switch the EICAS (Engine Indicating and Crew Alerting System) to fuel management to observe aircraft status on fuel burn & range.
You should carry fuel enough for the flight + 40mis for diversions & emergencies i.e. if your trip is 5hrs long, you load fuel for the required 5hrs flight plus fuel for an extra 40 mins. You should know your aircrafts average fuel consumption for the type of engines fitted with in order to determine the fuel weight required for the flight. Remember that weight is drag, drag is more fuel burn which costs money (for virtual pilots flying for virtual airlines), so do not carry fuel more than you need. You have a destination to go to & MLW limit. You do not want to arrive to your destination with total weight above MLW!. 
    

FAR Field Lengths
                             777-200   777-200IGW   777-300
Take-off        8,300'     10,004'       11,611'        
Landing         6,000'      6,200'        6,350'
Max. Range nm 3,780-4,930  5,960-7,230     5,380


CHECKLISTS :

Before Take-off:
Allowable Take-off Weight (MTOW or lower)		Checked
Vital Data         Checked
Flaps/Slats								Set
Flight Controls    Checked
Trim									      Set
Autopilot Controls	Off
Transponder        Set


After Take-off :
Landing Gear        Up/Off
Flaps               UP
Altimeters          Set/CrossChecked


Descent Briefing:
Safety Altitudes-Trans Level
STAR-Approach
Runway State - Reverse - Brakes
Airfield
Go-Around - Diversion


Descent/Approach:
Landing Data   Set/Checked
Briefing       Confirmed
Vref           Set
Minima         Set
Trans Level
Altimeters   Set/CrossChecked


Final Landing :
Gear									      Down/Green
Flaps/Slats							 Set
Speed Brakes							Armed
ILS freq           Tuned
Autobrakes         Set


After Landing/Shutdown :
Strobes               Off
Stabilizers           Set
Speedbrakes		         Down
Flaps/Slats           Up
Fuel Pump/Control     Off
Parking Brakes        Set






ROC		Rate Of Climb @ MTOW
Below 10,000ft max.500 - 1500 fpm @ 250kts	(fpm is Feet per minute)


Climb Speed above 10,000ft to Cruise Flight Level FL
1000 - 2000fpm from FL100 - FL200 @ 260 - 350 KIAS
1000 - 1500fpm from FL200 - FL250
500 - 1000fpm  from FL250 - FL370


ROD		Rate Of Descent

From Cruise FL to 10,000ft hold 0.79 Mach until 290 kts, reduce thrust for 2500 fpm
Below 10,000ft rate of descent varies with ATC requirements, but is between 800 - 3000fpm
In normal conditions 250kts idle descent , then slow & configure speed so as to not add power until on Glide Slope.



Glide Slope descend is between 1500 - 500fpm depending on your situation
At Runway Threshold descend between 400 - 200fpm for a smooth touchdown landing ( A Greaser Landing).

ETOPS		Extended Twin engine OPerationS :

If an engine failure occur during cruise forcing an engine shutdown, fly a descend profile on the remaining engine to FL160 (16,000ft) & hold speed between 300 - 430kts. Do not forget to trim to compensate for your lost engine. The B777 can fly the remaining trip on one engine & land @ MLW or lower. 

The Boeing 777 is fitted with engines certified ETOPS for 180 minutes. This is very essential if you fly long routes over water i.e. LAX-Honolulu.
If both engines go out on you then apply EROPS rule ' Engines Refuse to Operate ,Please Swim':).


Did you know that the B777 outer engine diameter is approx. equals the fuselage dia of a Boeing 737 !!! & Did you know that the total horizontal tail area of B777 is approx. equal the total wing area of a B737 !!!

Flight Patterns :

Take-off

- Select Take-off Flap , Set LNAV (HDG SEL) / VNAV (VVI)
Autothrottle is set to desired speed 
- Thrust set by Manually advancing the thrust levers, when stabilized engage Autothrottle.
Take-off thrust by 80 knots , V1 , Vr Rotate aircraft to Max 8 pitch up attitude.
- When Positive Rate of Climb V2 : Gear Up & LNAV/HDG SEL/GPS engaged
VNAV /VVI engaged.
V2+15kts, or V2 to V2+15kts (1 engine)
Acceleration height , Flap retraction altitude (about 1000')
- Retract flaps on schedule (See Table)
- Climb Thrust (2 engines)
- Accelerate & Climb @ Vref30+80 kts (see Table)
- Flaps Up : Max Continous Thrust (1 engine)
After Take-off Checklist
- 3000' AGL : One engine or 2 engine climb speed.

ILS Approach:

On Radar Vectors:
- HDG SEL
- Appropriate pitch attitude.
Before Approaching Intercept Heading :
- LNAV/HDG SEL for Roll mode  , - VNAV/VVI for pitch mode.
- Flaps 1
Approaching Intercept Heading :
- Flaps 5
Intercept Heading: Arm APP
Localizer capture: Final Approach course heading
Glideslope Alive:
- Gear down
- Flaps 20 (Optional landing flaps 1engine)
- Arm Speedbrake
Glideslope Intercept (Fix LOM,MKR,DME):
- Landing Flaps (Optional Flaps (2 engine, optional 1 engine)
- Set Missed Approach Altitude
- Landing Checklist
Missed Approach:
- Max Thrust/Autothrottle
- Flaps 20 (Flaps 5 optional 1 engine)
- Go-around attitude
- Go-around thrust
- Positive Rate of Climb , Gear Up
- Above 400' select LNAV/HDG SEL
- At Flap retraction altitude, set speed for desired flap setting.
- Retract flaps on schedule 
- After flap retraction , select VNAV/VVI as required
- Verify tracking route & altitude capture
- After take-off checklist


Non-Precision Approach:

On Radar Vectors:
- HDG SEL
- Appropriate pitch attitude.
Before Approaching Intercept Heading :
- LNAV/HDG SEL for Roll mode  , - VNAV/VVI for pitch mode.
- Flaps 1
Approaching Intercept Heading :
- Flaps 5
Intercept Heading: Arm LNAV/HDG SEL
Inbound (1.5nm)
- Gear Down
- Flaps 20 (optional landing flaps 1 engine)
- Arm Speedbrake
- Set MDA
- Landing flaps (2 engine, optional 1 engine)
AT FAF Descend to MDA
- Monitor VNAV/VVI path
- Landing Checklist
Runway in sight:
- Intercept landing profile & disconnect Autopilot
- Disconnect Autothrottle (VNAV only)

At MDA : Minimum Descent Altitude
Set Missed approach altitude

Missed Approach:
- Max Thrust/Autothrottle
- Flaps 20 (Flaps 5 optional 1 engine)
- Go-around attitude
- Go-around thrust
- Positive Rate of Climb , Gear Up
- Above 400' select LNAV/HDG SEL
- At Flap retraction altitude, set speed for desired flap setting.
- Retract flaps on schedule 
- After flap retraction , select VNAV/VVI as required
- Verify tracking route & altitude capture
- After take-off checklist


Circling:

Configuration at MDA:
- Gear down
- Flaps 20 (landing flaps optional)
- Arm Speedbrake
Minimum Descent Altitude (MDA)
Approaching first half of the Circle:
- Landing flaps (if not previously selected)
- Landing checklist
Intercept Landing Profile & disconnect autopilot
Missed Approach:
- Max Thrust/Autothrottle
- Flaps 20 (Flaps 5 optional 1 engine)
- Go-around attitude
- Go-around thrust
- Positive Rate of Climb , Gear Up
- Above 400' select LNAV/HDG SEL
- At Flap retraction altitude, set speed for desired flap setting.
- Retract flaps on schedule 
- After flap retraction , select VNAV/VVI as required
- Verify tracking route & altitude capture
- After take-off checklist


Visual Traffic Pattern:
- Entering downwind , Flaps 5
- Maintain 1500' Alt & 2nm away/parallel from runway
- Prior to turning base
- Gear down
- Flaps 20
- Start descent as required
- During Base leg:
- Landing Flaps (2 engines , optional 1 engine)
- Landing Checklist
- Final should be between 700-500' altitude 
- Stabilized on profile
Go-around:
- Go-around thrust
- Go-around Altitude
- Flaps 20 (flaps 5 optional 1 engine)
- Positive rate of climb gear up
- Retract flaps on schedule
- Verify tracking route & altitude capture
- After take-off checklist  




Happy X-Flight

Mohammed Gazzawi
Designer/Test Pilot Jetliners Suite
magmail@usa.net


